politicalscienceВестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"2073-6339Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета10.28995/2073-6339-2026-3-69-85politicalscience-1034Research ArticleСТРАНЫ И РЕГИОНЫ МИРА: ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ И МОДЕЛИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯCOUNTRIES AND REGIONS OF THE WORLD: DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS AND MODELS OF COOPERATIONПродовольственный суверенитет Бразилии: политические решения «сверху» и гражданские акции «снизу»Brazil’s food sovereignty: political decisions “from above” and civil actions “from below”МаловА. В.MalovA. V.

Александр В. Малов, доктор политических наук

125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, стр. 6

Aleksandr V. Malov, Dr. of Sci. (Political Science)

 6-6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow,125047

malov.pvo@gmail.comРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202603082026036985Copyright © Малов А.В., 20262026Малов А.В.Malov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1034

Статья посвящена всестороннему изучению агропродовольственной политики в Федеративной Республике Бразилия. При помощи исторического анализа было установлено, что основными проблемами в сельскохозяйственной отрасли страны являются ее критическая зависимость от импорта специальных средств сельскохозяйственного производства (минеральных удобрений и ядохимикатов), асимметрия в структуре землевладения, обезлесение, интоксикация сельского населения и высокий уровень урбанизации. С помощью ретроспективного анализа и компаративного подхода был верифицирован «агропродовольственный фактор», играющий ключевую роль не только в экономической стабильности Бразилии, но и в курсовой устойчивости политических режимов, легитимность которых основывается на расширяющемся реестре социально ориентированных программ, финансируемых посредством реквизированной «экстрактивистской ренты». Использование метода единства исторического и логического способствовало определению роли общественных движений в процессе институционализации идеи продовольственного суверенитета. С помощью метода анализа вторичных данных и институционального подхода были изучены и классифицированы официальные документы государства, определены уполномоченные органы исполнительной власти и описаны профильные программы, способствующие реализации политики продовольственного суверенитета. По итогам исследования сделан вывод о последовательной траектории развития политики продовольственного суверенитета «снизу» и непоследовательной траектории политики продовольственного суверенитета «сверху».

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of agri-food policy in the Federative Republic of Brazil. With the help of historical analysis, the author found that the main problems in the country’s agricultural sector are its critical dependence on imports of special agricultural products (mineral fertilizers and pesticides), asymmetry in the structure of land ownership, deforestation, intoxication of the rural population and a high level of urbanization. Using a retrospective analysis and a comparative approach, the author verified that the “agri-food factor” plays a key role not only in the economic stability of Brazil, but also in the exchange rate stability of political regimes, whose legitimacy is based on an expanding portfolio of socially oriented programs funded through requisitioned “extractivist rent”. With the help of the method of historical and logical unity, the author determined the role of social movements in the process of institutionalization of the idea of food sovereignty. The author used the method of secondary data analysis and an institutional approach to classify official documents, identify executive authorities and describe programs that contribute to the implementation of the food sovereignty policy in the country. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the trajectory of the food sovereignty policy “from below” is consistent, while the trajectory of the food sovereignty policy “from above” is inconsistent.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.