<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2018-1-41-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: HISTORY AND SOCIOCULTURAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>1938/39 в советской и российской историографии и в исторической памяти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>1938/39 in Soviet and Russian historiography and historical memory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга В. Павленко, кандидат исторических наук, профессор</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Pavlenko, PhD in History, professor</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlenko@rggu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павленко О.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павленко О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlenko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/185">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/185</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена сопоставлению советской и российской историографии аншлюса Австрии 1938 г. В подходе советских и российских историков имеются существенные различия в изучении аншлюса. В статье подробно рассматриваются не только труды советских историков, но и основные публикации архивных документов, подготовленных во второй половине 1940-1950-х годов НКИД / МИД СССР (принцип отбора документов, анализ опубликованных материалов и т. д.). В основе Советской интерпретации лежал тезис о дипломатической изоляции СССР в довоенный период, что не позволило предотвратить аншлюс. Кроме того, подчеркивалось, что Австрия являлась жертвой немецкого национал-социализма. Но, конечно, факт поддержки аншлюса большинством австрийцев не отрицался. Большое значение имело изучение австрийского движения сопротивления.</p><p>Однако на основе исследований российских историков 1990- 2000-х годов становится очевидным, что нельзя однозначно говорить о дипломатической изоляции Москвы в конце 1930-х годов. Ситуация была намного сложнее. Ключом к дальнейшим исследованиям стало рассекречивание российской Сслужбой внешней разведки архивных материалов о событиях 1938-1939 гг. В последние годы больше внимания в исследованиях уделяется роли польского фактора, интересам и амбициям Варшавы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the comparison of the Soviet and Russian historiography of the Anschluss of Austria in 1938. In the approach of Soviet and Russian historians, there are significant differences in the study of the Anschluss. The article examines in detail not only the works of Soviet historians, but also the main publications of the archival documents prepared in the second half of the 1940s-1950s by the NKID / USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs (the principle of selecting documents, analyzing published materials, etc.). At the heart of the Soviet interpretation there was the thesis of the diplomatic isolation of the USSR in the pre-war period, which prevented the Anschluss from being averted. In addition, it was stressed that Austria was the victim of German National Socialism. But, of course, the fact of supporting the Anschluss by the majority of the Austrians was not denied. The study of the Austrian resistance movement was important.</p><p>However, based on the research of Russian historians in the 1990s - 2000s it becomes obvious that one can not unequivocally speak of the diplomatic isolation of Moscow in the late 1930s. The situation was much more complicated. The key to further research was the declassification by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service of the archival material concerning the events of 1938-1939. More attention in recent years’ studies has been given to the role of the Polish factor, to the interests and ambitions of Warsaw.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аншлюс</kwd><kwd>международные отношения</kwd><kwd>СССР</kwd><kwd>Австрия</kwd><kwd>Германия</kwd><kwd>Польша</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anschluss</kwd><kwd>international relations</kwd><kwd>USSR</kwd><kwd>Austria</kwd><kwd>Germany</kwd><kwd>Poland</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чубарьян А.О. Канун трагедии: Сталин и международный кризис: сентябрь 1939 – июнь 1941. М.: Наука, 2008. 476 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chubarian АО. The Eve of Tragedy. Stalin and the International Crisis: Sept. of 1939 - June of 1941. Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 2008. 476 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. Legacies and Lessons from the Twentieth Century / Ed. by J.W. Borejsza, K. Ziemer. N.Y.; Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2006. 607 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borejsza JW., Ziemer K., ed. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. Legacies and Lessons from the Twentieth Century. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books Publ.; 2006. 607 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eastern Europe between Hitler and Stalin: 1939–1941. Volkov V.K., Gibiansky L.Y., ed.. Moscow: Indrik, 1999. 528 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov VK., Gibiansky LY., ed. Eastern Europe between Hitler and Stalin. 1939-1941. Moscow: Indrik Publ.; 1999. 528 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельтюхов М.И. Предыстория Великой Отечественной войны в современных дискуссиях // Исторические исследования в России: Тенденции последних лет / Под ред. Г.А. Бордюгова. М.: АИРО-ХХ, 1996. 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meltyukhov MI. The Prehistory of the Great Patriotic War in Contemporary Discussions V: Bordyugova GA., ed. Historical Studies in Russia: Recent Trends. Moscow: Airo XX Publ.; 1996. 464 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Короленков А.В. Накануне: продолжение дискуссий о событиях предвоенной поры // Отечественная история. 2004. № 3. С. 169–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korolenkov AV. On the Eve: Continuation of Discussions on the Events of the Prewar Period. &lt;i&gt;National History&lt;/i&gt;. 2004;3:169-76. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Невежин В. «Если завтра в поход…». М.: Яуза: Эксмо. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nevezhin V. “If Campaign is Tomorrow”. Moscow: Yauza Exmo Publ.; 2007. 320 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">История дипломатии. Т. 3: Дипломатия в период подготовки Второй мировой войны (1919–1939 гг.) / Под ред. В.П. Потемкина. М.: ОГИЗ, 1945. 655 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potemkin VP., ed. History of Diplomacy. Vol. 3. Diplomacy in the Period of Preparation for the Second World War (1919-1939). Moscow: OGIZ Publ.; 1945. 655 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наринский М.М. Международно-политический кризис кануна Второй мировой войны // «Завтра может быть уже поздно…»: Вестник МГИМО – Университета: Спец. выпуск к 70-летию начала Второй мировой войны [сб. ст. и материалов]. М.: МГИМО, 2009. С. 23–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narinsky MM. International Political Crisis on the Eve of World War II. Bulletin of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. 2009;4:24-47. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Документы и материалы кануна второй мировой войны. В 2 т. М.: М-во иностр. дел СССР, 1948. 415 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Documents and Materials of the Eve of the Second World War. 2 vol. Moscow: MID SSSR Publ.; 1948. 415 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новые документы из истории Мюнхена. М.: Политиздат, 1958. 156 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">New Documents from the History of Munich. Moscow: Politizdat Publ.; 1958. 156 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fierlinger Z. Ve sluzbach CSR. Praha: Svoboda, 1947. 352 p. (Reports of the former Czechoslovak Ambassador to the USSR Z. Firlinger on the basis of his conversations with the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs, M. M. Litvinov and his Deputy V. P. Potemkin. Subsequently, most of his memoirs were translated and published in the USSR.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fierlinger Z. Ve sluzbach CSR. Praha: Svoboda Publ.; 1947. 352 p. (Reports of the former Czechoslovak Ambassador to the USSR Z. Firlinger on the basis of his conversations with the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs, M. M. Litvinov and his Deputy V. P. Potemkin. Subsequently, most of his memoirs were translated and published in the USSR.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полтавский М.А. Австрийский народ и Аншлюс 1938 г. М.: Наука, 1971. 167 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poltavskiy МА. The Austrian People and Anschluss in 1938. Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 1971. 167 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безыменский Л.А. Особая миссия Давида Канделаки // Вопросы истории. 1991. № 4–5. С. 144–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezymensky LA. Special Mission of David Kandelaki. Voprosy Istorii. 1991;4-5:144-56. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наджафов Д.Г. СССР в послемюнхенской Европе: октябрь 1938 – март 1939 г. // Отечественная история. 2000. № 2. С. 67–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadzhafov DG. USSR in Post-Munich Europe: oct. 1938 - Mar. 1939. Otechestvennaya Istoriya. 2000;2:67-88. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соцков Л. Цель мюнхенского сговора – повернуть Гитлера на восток // Известия. 2008. 30 сент.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotskov L. The Purpose of the Munich Collusion Is to Turn Hitler to the East. Izvestia. 2008. Sept. 30. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпов В.Н. Внешняя разведка и мюнхенский сговор // Диалог-ОД. 2000. № 6. С. 52–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpov VN. External Intelligence and Munich Collusion. Dialog-OD. 2000;6:52-56. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельтюхов М.И. Упущенный шанс Сталина: СССР и борьба за Европу: 1939– 1941: документы, факты, суждения. 2-е изд. М.: Вече, 2002. 655 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meltyukhov MI. Missed Chance of Stalin. The USSR and the Struggle for Europe: 1939-1941 (Documents, Facts, Judgments). 2nd ed. Moscow: Veche Publ.; 2002. 655 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">XVIII съезд ВКП (б): Стенографический отчет. М.: ОГИЗ, 1939.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18th Congress of the CPSU (b). Verbatim Report. Moscow: OGIZ Publ.; 1939. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов С.В. Польско-чехословацкие отношения: 1933–1939 гг.: Что скрывалось за политикой «равноудаленности» министра Ю. Бека? М.: Изд-во МГУ, 2004. 528 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov SV. Polish-Czechoslovak Relations. 1933-1939. What Was Hidden behind the Policy of “Equidistance” of Minister J. Beck? Moscow: Moscow State University Publ., 2004. 528 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельтюхов М.И. Советско-польские войны: Военно-политическое противостояние: 1918–1939. М.: Вече, 2001. 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meltyukhov MI. Soviet-Polish Wars. Military-Political Confrontation. 1918-1939. Мoscow: Veche Publ.; 2001. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Документы по внешней политике СССР: В 24 т. Т. 22, кн. 1, 2. М.: Политиздат, 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Documents on Foreign Policy of the USSR. 24 vol. Vol. 22. Book 1,2. Moscow: Politizdat Publ.; 1992. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумов А.О. Аншлюс Австрии в 1938 году как кризис Версальской системы // Новая и новейшая история. 2006. № 6. С. 172–174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumov AO. Anschluss Austria in 1938 as a Crisis of the Versailles System. Novaya I Noveyashaya Istoriya. 2006;6:172-74. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нойманн И. Использование «Другого»: Образы Востока в формировании европейских идентичностей. М.: Новое изд-во, 2004. 336 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neumann I. Uses of the Other: “The East” in European Identity Formation. Moscow: Novoe Izdatel’stvo Publ.; 2004. 336 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
