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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-99-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-313</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ПРОШЛОМ И НАСТОЯЩЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE PAST AND IN THE PRESENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспертно-аналитические центры в США в первой половине XX в.: политические и социально-экономические контексты развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Development of think tanks in the U.S. in the first half of the twentieth century: the political and socioeconomic context</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щетинская</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchetinskaia</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яна В. Щетинская</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская площадь, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lana V. Shchetinskaia</p><p>Bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivshchet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щетинская Я.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щетинская Я.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchetinskaia I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/313">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/313</self-uri><abstract><p>Экспертные сообщества и аналитические центры («фабрики мысли») в США существуют и развиваются на протяжении уже более ста лет. С момента их появления эти структуры претерпели множество изменений в результате воздействия внешних и внутренних факторов, расширяя спектр своих исследований и влияние на политический процесс. Начиная с 2010-х гг. активно публикуются работы, в которых осмысливается проблема кризиса внешнеполитической экспертизы в США. В связи с этим представляется актуальным изучение роли американского экспертного сообщества в исторической ретроспективе. В данной работе проводится анализ политических и социально-экономических предпосылок создания и развития аналитических центров в США с 1910-х до конца 1940-х гг. Автор исследует роль международных кризисов в развитии этих организаций, а также внутренние факторы, такие как влияние частного финансирования, институциональные изменения в рамках правительственных организаций и другие. Воздействие этих факторов на американские аналитические центры изучается на примерах Фонда Карнеги за международный мир (1910), Совета по международным отношениям (1921) и корпорации РЭНД (1948).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research institutions and specifically think tanks have existed and developed in the United States for more than 100 years. Since their inception, they have changed and evolved in many ways, while expanding their research foci and political impact. Since the 2010s, a few experts in the field have observed that the U.S. policy expertise is now in crisis. To understand current challenges of policy analysis institutions it is important to study them in a historical retrospective. This article explores the political and socioeconomic contexts in which think tanks emerged and developed from 1910 to the 1950-s. It particularly examines the role of international crises, as well as domestic political factors, such as the role of philanthropy organizations, institutional changes in the government, and others. It discusses how these domestic and foreign policy aspects affected the early development of the Carnegie Endowment for the International Peace (1910), the Council on Foreign Relations (1921) and the RAND Corporation (1948).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аналитические центры</kwd><kwd>«фабрики мысли»</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>политическая экспертиза</kwd><kwd>корпорация РЭНД</kwd><kwd>Фонд Карнеги</kwd><kwd>Совет по международным отношениям</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>think tanks</kwd><kwd>United States</kwd><kwd>RAND Corporation</kwd><kwd>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</kwd><kwd>Council on Foreign Relations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abelson 2006 - Abelson D. A Capitol Idea: Think Tanks and U.S. Foreign Policy. 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