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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-144-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-318</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND HISTORICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Карл Витфогель и формирование концепции гидравлического государства в Мезоамерике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Karl A. Wittfogel and the formation of the concept of hydraulic state in Mesoamerica</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beliaev</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Д. Беляев - кандидат исторических наук, доцент, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская пл., 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitri Beliaev - Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor.</p><p>Bld. 6, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lakamha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4/2</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беляев Д.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беляев Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beliaev D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/318">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/318</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается эволюция взглядов создателя теории «гидравлического общества» К.А. Витфогеля (1896-1988) на характер социально-экономических отношений и государственного устройства доколумбовых обществ Мезоамерики. Анализ ранних публикаций Витфогеля свидетельствует, что изначально он относил Мезоамерику к типу восточных «феодальных» обществ, в которых не сложилась деспотическая государственность. Изменение этой позиции было связано с началом общения с мезоамериканистами (П. Кирхгоф, П. Карраско) и сотрудничеством с Дж. Стюардом. Общетеоретические идеи Витфогеля оказали важнейшее влияние на позицию А. Палерма, который в начале 1950-х гг. сформулировал собственную концепцию возникновения городской цивилизации в Мезоамерике. В свою очередь работы Палерма и его коллеги П. Армильяса способствовали окончательному оформлению взглядов Витфогеля на доиспанскую историю. В монографии «Восточный деспотизм» (1957) Витфогель постулирует, что цивилизация в Мезоамерике сложилась на основе гидравлической экономики и выделяет два типа социумов: полусложные («рыхлые») общества без доминирования ирригационных систем на региональном уровне (подтип L2), к которому относятся государства Центральной Мексики (астеки и Тескоко), и «маргинальные общества с высокой гидравлической плотностью» (подтип М1), к которому относятся майя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes the evolution of the ideas about the of social and economic nature and political structure of pre-Columbian societies of Mesoamerica of the founder of the theory of “hydraulic society” Karl Wittfogel (1896-1988). An analysis of Wittfogel’s early publications shows that he initially attributed Mesoamerica to the type of oriental “feudal” societies that did not develop a despotic-type state. The change of this position was connected to the contacts with the Mesoamericanists like Paul Kirchhoff and Pedro Carrasco and cooperation with Julian Steward. Wittfogel’s theoretical ideas had an important impact on the position of Angel Palerm, who formulated his own concept of the emergence of urban civilization in Mesoamerica. The work of Palerm and Pedro Armillas, in their turn, contributed to the final formulation of Wittfogel’s views of the pre-Hispanic history. In “Oriental Despotism” (1957), Wittfogel suggested that civilization in Mesoamerica was based on hydraulic system and separated two regional variants. The first, defined as semi-complex (“loose”) hydraulic society (subtype L2), includes the states of Central Mexico (Aztec and Texcoco). The second called “marginal hydraulic societies substantial hydraulic elements” (subtype M1) was represented by the lowland Maya.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политогенез</kwd><kwd>ранние цивилизации</kwd><kwd>гидравлическая теория</kwd><kwd>восточный деспотизм</kwd><kwd>Мезоамерика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>politogenesis</kwd><kwd>hydraulic theory</kwd><kwd>early civilizations</kwd><kwd>oriental despotism</kwd><kwd>Mesoamerica</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Латов 2007 - Латов Ю.В. «Восточный деспотизм» К.А. Виттфогеля (К 50-летию «странной» книги) // Историко-экономические исследования. 2007. Т. 8. № 2. С. 8-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams, R.M. (1960), “Early Civilizations, Subsistence, and Environment”, in Krae-ling, C.H., Adams, R.M. 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