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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-218-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВО, ПОЛИТИКА, ИСТОРИЯ И РЕЛИГИЯ: РАЗВИТИЕ И ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIETY, POLITICS, HISTORY, AND RELIGION. DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопрос о женском иджтихаде и религиозном наставничестве в религиозных практиках иранцев-шиитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Question On the Women Idjitihad and religious mentorship in religious practices of Iranian Shiites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раванди-Фадаи</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ravandi-Fadai</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лана М. Раванди-Фадаи - кандидат исторических наук, доцент.</p><p>125993, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lana M. Ravandi-Fadai - Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor.</p><p>Bld. 6, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ravandifadai@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4/2</issue><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раванди-Фадаи Л.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раванди-Фадаи Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ravandi-Fadai L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/324">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/324</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассмотрен вопрос женского религиозного наставничества в современном Иране. Показано, что иранские богословы по-разному смотрели на возможность женщины быть религиозным наставником (марджа’): многие из них это поддерживали, некоторые с этим соглашались в случае если она будет руководить только женщинами, однако многие, в частности аятолла Хомейни, выступали против этого. Приведена краткая биография двух наиболее известных женщин-марджа’: Несрат Амин и Захра Сефати. Обе они получили разрешение на толкование исламских текстов от выдающихся иранских аятолл. Им благодаря своей инициативности и стремлению к знаниям удалось добиться больших успехов в шиитском богословии, и их труды были высоко оценены иранскими богословами. Очевидно, что их деятельность была тесно связана с важными событиями, происходившими в иранском обществе при их жизни: Конституционной революцией, антирелигиозным режимом шаха и Исламской революцией. В настоящее время в связи с ростом образования и социальной активности женщин возникла потребность официально разрешить женщинам становиться марджа’. На сегодняшний день в Иране функционирует женский Совет по исламскому праву, что помогает расширять роль женщин в развитии мусульманского права.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the question of the women religious mentorship in modern Iran. It is shown that Iranian theologians differed in their opinion whether a woman can be a religious mentor (marja): many of them supported it, others agreed to it only if she should mentor other women, and many others, including Ayatollah Khomeini, opposed it. Brief biographies of two most prominent female marjas are given: those of Nesrat Amin and Zah-ra Sefati. Both of them received a permission to interpret Islamic texts from distinguished Iranian ayatollahs. With their initiative and eagerness for knowledge, they managed to succeed in Shiite theology and their works were highly regarded by Iranian ayatollahs. It is evident that their activities were closely linked to important events that happened in Iranian society during their lifetime: the Constitutional Revolution, anti-religious Shah regime, Islamic Revolution. Currently due to increase in the education and social activity among women, a need arose to officially allow women to become marja. Today, in Iran there works the Women Council on Islamic Law, what allows to expand the role of women in development of Islamic Law.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Шиизм</kwd><kwd>марджа’ ат-таклид</kwd><kwd>муджтахид</kwd><kwd>исламское право</kwd><kwd>Несрат Амин</kwd><kwd>Захра Сефати</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Shiite</kwd><kwd>marja at-taklid</kwd><kwd>mujitihad</kwd><kwd>Islamic Law</kwd><kwd>Nesrat Amin</kwd><kwd>Zahra Sefati</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках программы «Проектные научные коллективы РГГУ» в 2020 г. Название проекта – «Посредничество между реальным и потусторонним миром в религиозных практиках иранцев-шиитов»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Research is completed within the program “Project Scientific Collectives of RSUH/RGGU” in 2020. Name of the project: “Mediation between the real world and the underworld in religious practices of Iranian Shiites”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джавади-Амоли 1999 - Джавади-Амоли А. Женщина в зеркале величия и красоты (j ajjjI jj jUa.). Кум: Acpa, 1999. 443 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhavadi-Amoli, A. (1999), Zhenshchina v zerkale velichiya i krasot.y [Woman in the mirror of greatness and beauty] (j JbU. Alyl jj jUa.). Qom: Asra, 1999. 443 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мутаххари 2012 - Mymaxxapu M. Женщины и юридические и политические проблемы. Свидетельство [исламской веры], суждение, юридическое решение, политика. 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