politicalscienceВестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"2073-6339Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-28-39politicalscience-512Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬФинляндизация как концепция научного исследования внешней политики и международных отношенийFinlandization as a concept of the scientific study of foreign policy and international relationsКовякоИ. И.KaviakaI. I.

Ирина И. Ковяко, кандидат исторических наук, доцент

220004,  Минск, пр-кт Независимости, д. 4

Iryna I. Kaviaka, Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor

4, Nezavisimosti Av., Minsk, 220004

 

klq2034@mail.ruБелорусский государственный университетБеларусьBelarusian State UniversityBelarus202315122023042839Copyright © Ковяко И.И., 20232023Ковяко И.И.Kaviaka I.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/512

Целью данной статьи является изучение основных этапов становления научной концепции финляндизации на примере германских исследований англо-американской историографии, определение ее сущностных характеристик и возможностей использования в современных исследованиях внешней политики и международных отношений.

Выбор германского кейса в данном случае представляется закономерным. Особое место германского вопроса в системе отношений великих держав, его очевидная зависимость от микроклимата советско-американских отношений, непосредственная близость ФРГ к границам социалистического блока, болезненный вопрос раскола немецкой нации – все это значительно повышало риски советского влияния и теоретически превращало ФРГ в наиболее вероятного кандидата на финляндизацию. Учитывая ключевое значение Западной Германии в системе евро-атлантической безопасности и экономики, данная перспектива воспринималась весьма болезненно, возможная переориентация ФРГ активно обсуждалась в академических кругах США и Великобритании.

Формирование финляндизации как концепции научного исследования внешней политики и международных отношений было в основном завершено к началу 1990-х гг. Сегодня она находит немало последователей и критиков среди ученых – представителей различных стран, что свидетельствует о ее современной актуальности и востребованности.

The article is aimed at studying the main stages in the formation of the scientific concept of finlandization on the example of German studies of Anglo-American historiography, at determining its essential characteristics and the possibilities of using it in the modern research of foreign policy and international relations.

The choice of the German case seems logical. The special role of the German issue in the system of Great Powers relations, its obvious dependence on the microclimate of the Soviet-American relations, the close proximity of West Germany to the borders of the socialist bloc, the painful problem of the German nation division – all this has significantly increased the risks of Soviet influence and theoretically turned the FRG into the most likely candidate for finlandization. Given the key importance of West Germany in the system of Euro-Atlantic security and economy, this prospect was perceived very painfully, the possible reorientation of the FRG was actively discussed in the academic circles in the USA and Great Britain.

The formation of finlandization as a concept for the scientific study of foreign policy and international relations had basically been completed by the beginning of the 1990s. Today, it finds many followers and critics among scientists from different countries, which indicates its modern relevance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.