The topic of Zionist movement history in Russia is still controversial and has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, the work is intended to fill in the gaps, clarify a number of issues on the topic and expand its historiography. In preparing the publication, historical-genetic and historical-systemic methods of research were applied. The novelty of the issue lies in the fact that each publication provides a new opportunity for an objective research of the issue, since for many years the term “Zionism” had negative connotations in our country and was equated with racism, and the works containing a different view started appearing relatively recently with the opening of archives. Unlike many parties in Soviet Russia, which were recognized as counter-revolutionary, the Zionist organizations attracted significant numbers of young people including teenagers, and that became a unique feature of the movement, whose goal was to raise a healthy generation capable of building a new state. The study of those aspects will make it possible to draw parallels between various anti-Soviet parties and organizations in Russia, to isolate the main milestones in the development of the Zionist youth movement, to come to the conclusion that one of the peculiarities of youth movements was that some part of them was created by the youth and did not depend on the older generation parties, while others, in order to expand influence, were formed on the basis of those parties that had already existed. The article was prepared on the basis of Russian and foreign archival documents, whose introduction into scientific circulation will replenish the source base on the Zionist movement history in Soviet Russia.