politicalscienceВестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"2073-6339Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета10.28995/2073-6339-2024-5-111-124politicalscience-665Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ: ИСТОРИЯ, ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: HISTORY, HISTORIOGRAPHY, METHODOLOGYФактор христианизации и миссионерской деятельности в интеграции этнической идентичности эвеThe factor of Christianization and missionary activity in the integration of the Ewe ethnic identityМедушевскийН. А.MedushevskiiN. A.

Николай А. Медушевский

125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Nikolai A. Medushevskii6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047

lucky5659@yandex.ruРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation20241412202405111124Copyright © Медушевский Н.А., 20242024Медушевский Н.А.Medushevskii N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/665

Статья посвящена проблеме распространения христианства в этническом сообществе эве, проживающих на территории современных государств Гана, Того и Бенин, а также влиянию христианизации на формирование групповой идентичности сообщества. В статье описываются основные вехи христианизации сообщества. Констатируется начало этого процесса в контексте португальской колонизации, и реальное распространение христианского вероучения с началом деятельности германских миссионеров в середине XIX в. Последние реализовывали миссионерскую деятельность на языке эве, который был специально создан на базе одного из диалектов в виде письменного. На нем публиковалось Евангелие и осуществлялось обучение в приходских школах. В итоге христианство получило в регионе достаточно широкое распространение, так как включенность в религиозную систему обеспечивала социальные лифты для местного населения. В то же время приобщенность к христианству местного населения во многом оставалась формальной, так как религиозная практика не учитывала местных культурных паттернов, и традиционалистские верования продолжали оставаться популярными, а обращенные христиане часто возвращались к практикам фетишизма. В итоге религиозный дуализм в середине ХХ в. привел к возникновению      феномена «Духовных церквей», которые, номинально являясь христианскими, активно использовали переработанные ритуальные практики традиционалистов. Данная религиозная разобщенность сохраняет свою актуальность по настоящее время и является выраженным препятствием к этнической интеграции народности эве.

The article deals with an issue of the spread of Christianity in the Ewe ethnic community living in the territory of the modern states of Ghana, Togo and Benin, as well as the influence of Christianization on the formation of the group identity of the community. The article describes the main milestones of the Christianization of the community. The beginning of that process is stated in the context of Portuguese colonization, and the real spread of Christian doctrine with the beginning of the activities of German missionaries in the middle of the 19th century. The latter carried out missionary activities in the Ewe language, which was specially created on the basis of one of the dialects in written form. It was used for publishing the Gospel and providing education in parish schools. As a result, Christianity became quite widespread in the region, since inclusion in the religious system provided social lifts for the local population. At the same time, Christianization of the local population remained largely formal, since religious practice did not take into account local cultural patterns, and traditionalist beliefs continued to remain popular, and Christian converts often returned to fetishistic practices. As a result, it ended up with religious dualism in the mid-twentieth century leading to the emergence of the phenomenon of “Spiritual Churches”, which, although nominally Christian, actively used the modified ritual practices of traditionalists. Such religious disunity remains relevant to the present day and is a pronounced obstacle to the ethnic integration of the Ewe people.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.