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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2024-6-171-188</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ: ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PROCESSES AND SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рациональные и символические компоненты обоснования этнополитических конфликтов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rational and symbolic components of the ethnopolitical conflicts justification</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей В. Лебедев, кандидат политических наук</p><p>125167, Москва, Ленинградский пр-т, д. 49/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei V. Lebedev, Cand. of Sci. (Political Science)</p><p>49/2, Leningradsky Av., Moscow, 125167</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svlebedev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Н. Грачев, доктор политических наук, профессор</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail N. Grachev, Dr. of Sci. (Political Science), professor</p><p>6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grachev.m@rggu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедев С.В., Грачев М.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедев С.В., Грачев М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedev S.V., Grachev M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/694">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/694</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются рационалистский и символический подходы к обоснованию этнополитических конфликтов. Отмечается, что рационалистский подход, интерпретирующий этническое насилие как результат определенных «расчетов», сделанных политическими агентами, распадается на два условных направления. Первое из них основывается на идее «этнической дилеммы безопасности» и предполагает, что подобные конфликты начинаются с превентивного насилия, вызванного неуверенностью одного из политических агентов относительно намерений противостоящей ему стороны. Второе направление делает акцент на так называемых «хищнических элитах», стремящихся использовать этническое насилие как инструмент подъема собственной легитимности в условиях, когда остальные варианты исчерпаны. Подчеркивается, что данные направления не учитывают психосимволическое измерение политики, в частности, не принимая во внимание тот факт, что этническое насилие может не иметь чисто рационального основания и быть продуктом конфликта идентичностей, коллективной памяти и т. п. Напротив, символическая интерпретация, развиваемая политологами-конструктивистами, предлагает для понимания глубинной сути того или иного этнического конфликта анализировать его мифо-символический комплекс, а именно – исследовать эвокативные символы, становящиеся триггерами политического насилия. При этом данный подход не сбрасывает со счетов рационалистские трактовки этнического насилия и в известной степени абсорбирует их. Авторы предпринимают попытку рассмотреть военную кампанию Израиля в секторе Газа, начавшуюся в 2023 г., через призму рационалистского и символического подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the analysis of the rationalist and symbolic approaches to the ethnopolitical conflicts justification. The authors note that the rationalist approach, which interprets ethnic violence as the result of certain “calculations” made by political agents, splits into two conditional directions. The first direction is based on the idea of an “ethnic security dilemma” and suggests that such conflicts begin with the preventive violence caused by the uncertainty of one of the political agents about the intentions of the opposing side. The second direction is focused on the so-called “predatory elites” who seek to use ethnic violence as a tool to raise their own legitimacy in the conditions when other options have been exhausted. The authors emphasize that these trends do not take into account the psychosymbolic dimension of politics, in particular, they do not consider the fact that ethnic violence may not have a purely rational basis and be the product of the conflict of identities or collective memory, etc. On the contrary, the symbolic interpretation developed by the constructivist political scientists suggests analyzing its myth-symbol complex in order to understand the deep essence of an ethnic conflict, namely, to explore the evocative symbols that become the triggers of political violence. At the same time, this approach does not discount and, to a certain extent, absorbs the rationalist interpretations of ethnic violence. The authors attempt to examine Israel’s military campaign in the Gaza Strip, which began in 2023, through the prism of the rationalist and symbolic approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этнополитический конфликт</kwd><kwd>этническая дилемма безопасности</kwd><kwd>модель хищнических элит</kwd><kwd>психосимволическое измерение политики</kwd><kwd>символическая интерпретация конфликта</kwd><kwd>военная операция в секторе Газа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnopolitical conflict</kwd><kwd>ethnic security dilemma</kwd><kwd>predatory elite model</kwd><kwd>psycho-symbolic interpretation of politics</kwd><kwd>symbolic interpretation of conflict</kwd><kwd>military operation in the Gaza Strip</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Звягельская 2019 – Звягельская И.Д. 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