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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES: THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MERCOSUR as a political project:  features of integration and prospects for evolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-5150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>Александр Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">malov.pvo@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>753</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Малов А.В.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/753">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/753</self-uri><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the MERCOSUR (Common Market of South American Countries). With the help of subject-institutional, geopolitical, historical-philosophical approaches, synthesized with methods of predictive,strategic, and situational analysis, the author verified the integration impulses of the MERCOSUR, as well as predictedthe direction of development of this intergovernmental organization. With the help of case study method and the principleof unity of logical and historical, the author identified the political integration impulses (footholds) and outlined the strategic development prospects (points of growth) of MERCOSUR, which contributed to the strengthening of this bloc asa self-sufficient geopolitical unit. In particular, the author proves that the integration impulses of the MERCOSUR projectare the processes of “Bipolarization”, “Pacifization”, “Interregionalization”, “Democratization” and “Autonomization”. At the same time, the author verified predicts that the direction of development of this organization will be based on the concepts of “Nearshoring” and “Friendshoring”, contributing to the structuring of new logistics routes and optimization of existing supply chains, which will be adjusted for the territorial proximity and political loyalty of independentMERCOSUR member countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MERCOSUR</kwd><kwd>Latin America</kwd><kwd>Nearshoring</kwd><kwd>Friendshoring</kwd><kwd>Globalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивановский 2024 – Ивановский З.В. «Розовая волна» в Латинской Америке: стратегия и тактика новых левых // Латиноамериканский исторический альманах. 2024. №42. 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