politicalscienceВестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"2073-6339Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета10.28995/2073-6339-2025-3-25-46politicalscience-797Research ArticleСТРАНЫ И РЕГИОНЫ МИРА: ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ И МОДЕЛИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯCOUNTRIES AND REGIONS OF THE WORLD: DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS AND MODELS OF COOPERATIONНигерия в поисках «подлинного федерализма»Nigeria in search of “true federalism”ЗахаровА. А.ZakharovA. А.

Андрей А. Захаров, кандидат философских наук

125047; Миусская пл., д. 6, стр. 6; Москва

Andrei А. Zakharov, Cand. of Sci. (Philosophy)

125047; 6-6, Miusskaya Sq.; Moscow

zakharov.aa@rggu.ruРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202510082025032546Copyright © Захаров А.А., 20252025Захаров А.А.Zakharov A.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/797

   В статье анализируются процессы, сопровождающие совершенствование федеративной государственности в современной Нигерии. Признание нигерийским обществом дефектов, присущих нынешней сверхцентрализованной модели федерации, которая культивировалась военными режимами 1960–1990-х гг., спровоцировало дискуссию о так называемом «подлинном федерализме» – идеальном состоянии, какое, по мысли критиков, нигерийская федерация за несколько десятилетий так и не смогла обрести. В ряду ключевых вопросов, поднимаемых в связи с «подлинным федерализмом», обсуждаются оптимальная региональная «нарезка», включая опции увеличения или, напротив, сокращения числа субъектов федерации, а также поиск наиболее справедливой формулы распределения доходов от добываемой в стране нефти. Однако, и дальнейшее наделение политической субъектностью все новых территорий (и этнических групп), и расширение доли нефтяных доходов, получаемых нефтедобывающими штатами, оказываются двусмысленными мерами: они исцеляют одни недуги нигерийского федерализма, но взамен порождают другие изъяны. Кроме того, выработке более эффективной модели федерации существенно препятствует то, что на нигерийской политической сцене есть мощные силы, которые, вместо поиска «подлинного федерализма», либо добиваются распада страны путем сецессии (диссидентские движения бывшей Биафры или повстанческие группировки дельты Нигера), либо отрицают нигерийскую федерацию как таковую (исламистская группировка «Боко Харам»*).

   The article analyzes the processes accompanying the improvement of federal statehood in modern Nigeria. The recognition by Nigerian society of the defects inherent in the current over-centralized model of federation, which was cultivated by the military regimes of the 1960–1990s, provoked a discussion about the so-called “true federalism” – an ideal state of affairs, which, according to critics, the Nigerian federation has not been able to achieve for several decades. Among the key issues raised in connection with “true federalism”, optimal regional “slicing” is being discussed, including options for increasing or reducing the number of federated entities, as well as finding the most equitable formula for distributing income from oil produced in the country. However, the further granting of political subjectivity to new segments of national territory (and to ethnic groups), and the expansion of the share of oil revenues received by oil-producing states, turn out to be ambiguous measures: they heal some of the ills of Nigerian federalism, but instead generate other flaws. In addition, the development of a more effective model of federation is significantly hindered by the fact that there are powerful forces on the Nigerian political scene that, instead of seeking “true federalism”, either seek the disintegration of the country through secession (dissident movements of the former Biafra or rebel groups of the Niger Delta), or deny the Nigerian federation as such (the Islamist group Boko Haram*).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.