<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">politicalscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия “Политология. История. Международные отношения.”</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6339</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательский центр Российского государственного гуманитарного университета</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6339-2025-4-42-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">politicalscience-803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ И ВНЕШНЕЙ ПОЛИТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности советско-британского концессионного сотрудничества в 1920-х гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the Soviet-British concession collaboration in the 1920s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Ю. Сергеев, доктор исторических наук, профессор</p><p>119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 32А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii Yu. Sergeev, Dr. of Sci. (History), professor</p><p>32A, Leninsky Av., Moscow, Russia, 119334</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugene.sergeev59@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт всеобщей истории РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев Е.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeev E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/803">https://politicalscience.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/803</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья раскрывает особенности советско-британского взаимодействия в сфере концессионной деятельности на протяжении 1920-х гг., когда обе стороны столкнулись с серьезными трудностями в процессе послевоенной реконструкции их экономик. Поиск большевистским правительством новых форм привлечения иностранного капитала для ускоренной индустриализации соответствовал стремлениям британских промышленников получить источники дешевого сырья, чтобы расширить рынки сбыта технических товаров и оборудования. Несмотря на политические трудности, именно концессии могли стать удобным каналом поступления иностранных капиталовложений в СССР. Статистические данные свидетельствуют о том, что этому способствовала новая экономическая политика (нэп), получившая поддержку кремлевского руководства и нашедшая позитивный отклик европейской общественности. К середине первого послевоенного десятилетия советское руководство получило несколько тысяч концессионных предложений западных компаний, включая британские, которые наряду с германскими производителями занимали лидирующие позиции еще в хозяйстве Российской империи. Автор опровергает ошибочное мнение о тотальной экономической блокаде, якобы установленной капиталистическими странами, чтобы экономически «задушить» Страну Советов. На практике в период расцвета иностранных концессий (1925–1927 гг.) доля производства отдельных видов продукции на предприятиях с участием иностранного капитала составляла от 30 до 80%. Однако, как показывает статья, основанная на архивных документах и опубликованных материалах, целый ряд объективных и субъективных факторов не могли не привести к краху советско-британского концессионного сотрудничества в первой половине 1930-х гг. Типичным примером явилось дело «Лены Голдфилдс», подробно рассмотренное автором публикации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article reveals the features of the Soviet-British cooperation in the field of concession activities during the 1920s, when both sides faced serious difficulties in the process of post-war reconstruction of their economies. The Bolshevik government’s search for the new forms of attracting foreign capital for accelerated industrialization corresponded to the aspirations of British industrialists to obtain the sources of cheap raw materials to expand the markets for technical goods and equipment. Despite the political difficulties, it was the concessions that could become a convenient channel for foreign investment in the USSR. Statistics show that this was facilitated by the New Economic Policy (NEP), which gained the support of the Kremlin leadership and found a positive response from the European public. By the middle of the first postwar decade, the Soviet leadership had received several thousand concession offers from Western companies, including the British ones, which, along with the German manufacturers, still occupied the leading positions in the economy of the Russian Empire. The author refutes the erroneous opinion about a total economic blockade allegedly set up by capitalist countries in order to economically “strangle” the Land of the Soviets. In reality, the share of the certain types of products at enterprises with the participation of foreign capital ranged from 30 to 80% during the heyday of foreign concessions (1925–1927) in the USSR. However, as the article, based on archival documents and published materials, shows, a number of objective and subjective factors could not but lead to the collapse of the Soviet-British concession cooperation in the first half of the 1930s. A typical example was the case of the “Lena Goldfields”, which was analyzed in detail by the author of the publication.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>советско-британские отношения</kwd><kwd>иностранные концессии в СССР</kwd><kwd>новая экономическая политика (нэп)</kwd><kwd>первый пятилетний план</kwd><kwd>Лена-Голдфилдс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Soviet-British relations</kwd><kwd>foreign concessions in the USSR</kwd><kwd>New Economic Policy (NEP)</kwd><kwd>first five-year plan</kwd><kwd>Lena Goldfields</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашов 2012 – Балашов А.М. Возрождение и развитие предпринимательства в России в период нэпа (государственно-частное партнерство с участием иностранного капитала). Старый Оскол: Тонкие наукоемкие технологии, 2012. 327 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashov, A.M. (2012), Vozrozhdenie i razvitie predprinimatel’stva v Rossii v period nepa (gosudarstvenno-chastnoe partnerstvo s uchastiem inostrannogo kapitala) [Revival and development of entrepreneurship in Russia during the NEP period (state and private partnership involving foreign capital)], Tonkie Naukoemkie Tekhnologii, Staryi Oskol, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутковский 1928 – Бутковский В.Л. Иностранные концессии в народном хозяйстве СССР. М.; Л.: Государственное изд-во, 1928. 123 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyce, R. (2009), The great interwar crisis and the collapse of globalization, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдова 2002 – Давыдова Т.В. Концессии как форма участия иностранного капитала в советской экономике 1920-х гг. // Россия в XIX–XX вв.: Материалы II Научных чтений памяти профессора В.И. Бовыкина, 20 января 2002 г. М.: Изд. МГУ, 2002. С. 72–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butkovsky, V.L. (1928), Inostrannye kontsessii v narodnom khozyaistve SSSR [Foreign concessions in the national economy of the USSR], Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, Moscow, Leningrad, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данильченко 2000 – Данильченко С.Л. Концессионная политика советского государства в годы нэпа (1921–1929): Автореф. дис. … канд. ист. наук. М.: Изд-во МПГУ, 2000. 24 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danil’chenko, S.L. (2000), Kontsessionnaya politika sovetskogo gosudarstva v gody nepa (1921–1929) [Concession policy of the Soviet state during the NEP period (1921–1929)], Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation (History), Izdatel’stvo MPGU, Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Донгаров 1990 – Донгаров А.Г. Иностранный капитал в России и СССР. М.: Международные отношения, 1990. 165 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davydova, T.V. (2002), “Concessions as a form of involving foreign capital in the Soviet economy of the 1920s”, in Rossiya v XIX–XX vv.: Materialy II Nauchnykh chtenii pamyati professora V.I. Bovykina, 20 yanvarya 2002 g. [Russia in the 19th – 20th centuries: Proceedings of the II Scientific Readings Commemorating Professor V.I. Bovykin, 20 January 2002], Izdatel’stvo MGU, Moscow, Russia, pp. 72–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьяненко 1972 – Касьяненко В.И. Завоевание экономической независимости СССР (1917–1940). М.: Политиздат, 1972. 335 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobb, M. (1932), Soviet Russia and the world, Sidgwick &amp; Jackson, London, UK. Dongarov, A.G. (1990), Inostrannyi kapital v Rossii i SSSR [Foreign capital in Russia and the USSR], Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, Moscow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красин 1928 – Красин Л.Б. Вопросы внешней торговли. М.: Государственное изд-во, 1928. 429 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes, P. (1978), The twentieth century, 1880–1939, Saint Martin’s Press, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколов 2019 – Соколов А.С. Концессионный заем обществу «Лена Голдфилдс» (1935 г.) как форма англо-советского экономического сотрудничества // Политическая жизнь Западной Европы: Античность. Средние века. Новое и новейшее время / отв. ред. А.Р. Панов. Арзамас: Арзамасский филиал ННГУ, 2019. Вып. 14. С. 84–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasyanenko, V.I. (1972), Zavoevanie ekonomicheskoi nezavisimosti SSSR (1917–1940) [Gaining the political independence of the USSR (1917–1940)], Politizdat, Moscow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шишкин 1983 – Шишкин В.А. «Полоса признаний» и внешнеэкономическая политика СССР (1924–1928 гг.). Л.: Наука, 1983. 365 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knieckerbocker, H.R. (1931), Soviet trade and world depression, J. Lane, London, UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шпотов 2008 – Шпотов Б.М. Иностранные концессии в советском государстве (1920-е гг.) // Экономическая история России XVII–XX вв.: динамика и институционально-социокультурная среда. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 2008. С. 184–192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasin, L.B. (1928), Voprosy vneshnei torgovli [Foreign trade issues], Gosudarstvennoe izdate’stvo, Moscow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyce 2009 – Boyce R. The great interwar crisis and the collapse of globalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 611 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis, R. (1994), “Foreign economic relations”, in Davies R.W. et al., comps., The economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 198–215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobb 1932 – Dobb M. Soviet Russia and the world. L.: Sidgwick &amp; Jackson, 1932. 178 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollard, S. (1983), The development of the British economy, 1914–1990, E. Arnold, Baltimore, ML, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes 1978 – Hayes P. The twentieth century, 1880–1939. N.Y.: St Martin’s Press, 1978. 343 p. (Modern British foreign policy)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shishkin, V.A. (1983), “Polosa priznanii” i vneshneekonomicheskaya politika SSSR (1924–1928 gg.) [“Recognition series” and the foreign economic policy of the USSR], Nauka, Leningrad, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knieckerbocker 1931 – Knieckerbocker H.R. Soviet trade and world depression. L.: J. Lane, 1931. 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpotov, B.M. (2008), “Foreign concessions in the Soviet state (the 1920s)”, in Ekonomicheskaya istoriya Rossii XVII–XX vv.: dinamika i institutsional’nosotsiokul’turnaya sreda [Economic history of the 17th – 20th century Russia: dynamics and the institutional-sociocultural environment], UrO RAN, Ekaterinburg, Russia, pp. 184–192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis 1994 – Lewis R. Foreign economic relations // The economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 / comps R.W. Davies et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 198–215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolov, A.S. (2019), “Concession loan to the company ‘Lena Goldfields’ as a form of</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollard 1983 – Pollard S. The development of the British economy, 1914–1990. Baltimore, ML: E. Arnold, 1983. 422 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anglo-Soviet economic cooperation”, in Panov, A.R., ed., Politicheskaya zhizn’ Zapadnoi Evropy: Antichnost’. Srednie veka. Novoe i noveishee vremya [Political life of Western Europe: Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the New and Newer Time], Arzamasskii filial NNGU, Arzamas, Russia, pp. 84–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutton 1968–1971 – Sutton A. Western technology and Soviet economic development, 1917–1930. Stanford, CA: California University Press, 1968–1971. Vol. 1–2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutton, A. (1968–1971), Western technology and Soviet economic development, 1917– 1930, California University Press, Stanford, CA, USA, vol. 1–2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veeder 1998 – Veeder V.V. The Lena Goldfields arbitration: The historical roots of three ideas // International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 1998. Vol. 47. No. 4. P. 747–792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veeder, V.V. (1998), “The Lena Goldfields arbitration: the historical roots of three ideas”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 747–792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
