Preview

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations"

Advanced search

Gazprom as an Energy Weapon. Perception of Threats to Energy Security of the EU

Abstract

The article is written within the constructivist approach and focuses on the perception of Gazprom in Western academic and expert community as a source of threats to the EU’s energy security. The review of works by European and American researchers, published from 2009 to 2015, shows that the list of perceived threats is significantly wider than the one usually mentioned by Russian authors. As a result a gap arises between the concerns that are expressed by Western academic and expert community, and the explanatory model that is suggested in Russian works. Described differences require, firstly, greater attention to carrying out explanatory work on the corporate level and, secondly, resolution of the dilemma of using state-owned companies as a policy tool on the state level.

About the Author

Nikita Danilin
Russian State University for the Humanities
Russian Federation


References

1. Симония Н.А., Торкунов А.В. Энергобезопасность ЕС и Россия [Электронный ресурс] // Вестн. МГИМО-Университета. 2015. № 5. С. 22. URL: http://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/razdely/politologiya/energobezopasnost-es-i-rossii (дата обращения: 11.11.2016).

2. Конопляник А.А. Россия: сложная адаптация к новым реалиям европейского газового рынка // Энергетика Евразии: Новые тенденции и перспективы. М.: ИМЭМО РАН, 2016. С. 6-7.

3. Реформирование газового рынка Европы: чужие туфли могут натереть мозоли: Аналитический доклад [Электронный ресурс] // Фонд национальной энергетической безопасности. 2013. С. 39-41. URL: http://www.energystate.ru/catalog/files/Reformirovanie-gazovogo-rynka-Evropy.pdf (дата обращения: 02.11.2016).

4. Медведев А.И. Как Газпром выполняет поручения Госдепа США [Электронный ресурс] // Международная жизнь. 2008. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/1565 (дата обращения: 03.09.2016).

5. Медведев А.И. Газпром и энергобезопасность Европы [Электронный ресурс] // Международная жизнь. 2008. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/ material/1310 (дата обращения: 02.09.2016).

6. Алексеева Т.А. Мыслить конструктивистски: открывая многоголосый мир [Электронный ресурс] // Сравнительная политика. 2014. № 1 (14). С. 8. URL: http://old.mgimo.ru/files2/z08_2014/Tatiana_Alexeyeva_Think_like_Construc-tivist_Discovering_a_Polyphonic_World.pdf (дата обращения: 24.11.2016).

7. Luft G., Korin A. Realism and Idealism in the Energy Security debate // Luft G., Korin A. Energy Security Challenges for the 21st Century: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International, 2009. P. 346.

8. Proedrou F. Sensitivity and Vulnerability Shifts and the New Energy Pattern in the EU-Russia Gas Trade. Prospects for the Near Future [Электронный ресурс] // Studia Diplomatica. Vol. 63. 2010. № 1. P. 93. URL: https://www.academia.edu/24050684/SENSITIVITY_AND_VULNERABILITY_SHIFTS_AND_ THE_NEW_ENERGY_PATTERN_IN_THE_EU-RUSSIA_GAS_TRADE_PRoSPECTS_FoR_THE_NEAR_FUTURE (дата обращения: 05.10.2016).

9. Riley A. Sapping Europe’s Energy Security [Электронный ресурс] // The New York Times. 2014. May 5. URL: http://nyti.ms/1mp31F5 (дата обращения: 27.09.2016).

10. Buchan D. Europe’s energy security - caught between short-term needs and long-term goals [Электронный ресурс] // Oxford Energy Comment. 2014. P. 6. URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Europes-energy-security-caught-between-short-term-needs-and-long-term-goals.pdf (дата обращения: 26.09.2016).

11. Stegen K.S. Deconstructing the Energy Weapon: Russia’s Threat to Europe as Case Study // Energy Policy. 2011. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 6506.

12. Grigas A. The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia [Электронный ресурс] // The oxford Institute for Energy Studies. 2012. P. 32. URL: https://www.oxfordenergy. org/publications/the-gas-relationship-between-the-baltic-states-and-russiapolitics-and-commercial-realities-2/ (дата обращения: 27.09.2016).

13. Roadmap towards an Energy Union for Europe: Non-paper addressing the EU’s energy dependency challenges [Электронный ресурс] // Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. 2014. Apr. 22. URL: http://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/34efc44a-3b67-4f5e-b360-ad7c71082604:JCR (дата обращения: 21.09.2016).

14. Saunders P.J. Russian Energy and European Security. The Nixon Center, 2008. P. 15 [Электронный ресурс] // The Tokyo Foundation. URL: http://site-298132.mozfiles.com/files/29813/conf2008_experts_saunder.pdf (дата обращения: 13.10.2016).

15. Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe and the operations of Russian State-Owned Energy Enterprises. Brno: Masarykova Univerzita, 2015. P. 382.

16. Newnham R. Oil, carrots, and sticks. Russia’s energy resources as a foreign policy tool [Электронный ресурс] // Journal of Eurasian Studies. 2011. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 138-142. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S187936651100011X (дата обращения: 03.09.2016).

17. Antitrust: Commission sends Statement of objections to Gazprom - Factsheet [Электронный ресурс] // European Commission. 2015. Apr. 22. URL: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMo-15-4829_en.htm (дата обращения: 23.08.2016).

18. See more on contract revisions: Газовый рынок Европы: Утраченные иллюзии и робкие надежды / Под ред. В.А. Кулагина и Т.А. Митровой. М.: НИУ ВШЭ, ИНЭИ РАН, 2015. С. 42 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.eriras.ru/files/gazovyy_rynok_evropy.pdf (дата обращения: 06.07.2016).

19. Orttung R.W., Overland I. A Limited Toolbox: Explaining the Constraints on Russia’s Foreign Energy Policy [Электронный ресурс] // Journal of Eurasian Studies. 2011. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 80. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879366510000394 (дата обращения: 04.06.2016).

20. Reducing European Dependence on Russian Gas: distinguishing natural gas security from geopolitics [Электронный ресурс] // The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. 2014. P. 68. URL: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NG-92.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2016).


Review

For citations:


Danilin N. Gazprom as an Energy Weapon. Perception of Threats to Energy Security of the EU. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin Series "Political Science. History. International Relations". 2017;(2):87-100. (In Russ.)

Views: 286


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2073-6339 (Print)